Advertising display and night-landing signal for aircraft



June 2, 1925.

H. E. HARTNEY ADVERTISING DISPLAY IAND NIGHT LANDING SIGNAL FOR AIRCRAFT -Filed Nov. 2v, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 attenua* H. E. HARTNEY ADVERTISING DISPLAY AND NIGHT LANDING SIGNAL FOR AIRC/AFT June 2, 1925. 1,540,123

FiledANov. 2, 1925 2 sheets-sheet 2 5@ 3 a j' q qs 76 N Hmm s. H

@www/w Ta azzalwma Patented .lime y2, 1925.

f UNITED STATES HAROLD E. HAnTNEY, or WASHINGTON, DISTRICT or COLUMBIA.

ADVERTISING DISPLAY AND NIGHT-LANDING SIGNAL FOR AIRCRAFT.

, Application led November .2, 1923. lSerial No. 672,348.

concern.' Be it knownthat I, HAROLD E. HARTNEY,

a citizen of the United States of America, b

and a resident of Washington, District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Advertlsing Display and N ight-Landing Signals for Aircraft, of-

` which the -followin is a specification.

This invention .re ates to certain improvements in advertising display and night landing signals for aircraft; and the natureand objects of the invention will be readil recognized and understood by those 's iilled in the arts involved in the `light of the following explanation and detailed description of the accompanying drawings illustrating what I at present consider to be the preferre embodiments or mechanical expressions of the invention from among. various other forms, embodiments, combinations and constructions of which the invention is capable within the spirit and scope thereof.

Established air routes or airways include emergency landing fields at as frequent interva s as possible or praticable along and adjacent the routes between the main landing fields or terminals, so that in theevent of accident or other causes necessitating aircraft operating along and over such air routes to land between main landingfields, a safe landing can be made on one of the emergency fields. These emergency landing fields are generally of a rather rough unfinished character sufficient in size and ofV such a surface that aircraft can effect a safe landing thereon if necessary.' Preferably,r although of course not always posible, the

emergency landing fields are located along and as near as practicable to main roads and highways, so that aircraft forcedv to land on such an emergency field can morev quickly secure'assistance and will be readily accessible for removal of cargo and repair.

No ,permanent ground organization andy personnel are maintained at emergency landing fields as a general rule, but the fields are visited and inspected at intervals forreplaeement of supplies and equipment which may `be maintained at these fields.

Each emergency landing field is usually provided with more or less permanentv markingsto indicate to the pilots of aircraft the normal preferred direction for landing on the field, as Well as to serve as land marks and field identification to assist in navigaldisplay mediuml visibleA tion. The type of marking in general use for emergency landing fields is characterized y lines, arrows, circles and such' like formedlby material suitably placed on the field and white, clearlyl painted some color such asv visible from the air.

However, with the advent of ni ght flying the foregoing general type of marking is of no value :for emergency or 'other landing fields, as at night such marking is practically invisible. Various arrangements and systems for lighting landfields have been developed and are in' use, but they are practically without exception costly and require thev presence of -a permanent ground Organization at the field for their maintenance and operation, hence such lighting systems'are not adapted to useon. the emergency type of landing field due to the high'pcost and requirement for a permanent ground organization. y

Therefore, v4one of the main and funda-A mental aims of the present invention is to provide fory marking and yindicating the normal landing direction on, and for efiiciently lightingor illuminating landing fields of the emergency and the like types, at a comparatively low cost and without requiring va permanent ground organization or force for maintenance and operation.

A further aim and object of the invention yas is the provision of means for indicatingtlie normal landing direction. on aircraft landing fields and for illuminating a portion of the field alon the normal landin run by indirect or, di used light to avoid direct rays with the resulting glare and partial blinding of pilots while landing.

- A further object: of the invention is to provide a landing field marker and signal for indicating landing direction and Ifor illuminating a landing 'field at night, which forms and provides a permanent advertising from adjacent territory and illuminated at ni ht by the illumination of the landing fiel from the marker or signal, so as to take advantage of nearby roads and highways by clearly displaying advertising to traffic passing therealon A furter object of the invention is to provide a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, which is illuminated and so designed and arranged as to indicate to aircraft in -fiightthe normal direction for landing on a field and which further lights .or

illuminates a portion of the landing field to permit of aircraft effecting a landingy thereon at night.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an advertising display and night landing signal for aircraft landing fields of the so called emergency types particularly, to indicate to aircraft in flight the normal landing direction and l'to illuminate a portion of the landing run of a field, which signal is of simple construction and relatively low initial cost and inexpensive in use, and capable of reliable efficient operation over extended periods of time without inspection or other attention.

A further object of the invention is the provision ofamore or less permanent night landing indicator or signal and field illuminator for aircraft landing fields of the type at which no 'ground' organization or personnel is maintained, lwhich forms and lembodies in and of itself an illuminated advertising display medium visible from practicallyweather proof'and able to withstand all the forces and stresses to which subjected in` use. p i

A further object of the invention isl `to provide an illuminatedi landing 'direction and field illuminatingsignal for aircraft landing fields, which :embodies a source of light and a removable wall or panel arranged to form at one side thereofl a light ,reflecting'surface from whichy a portion of a landing ,field is illuminated, and on the opposite side thereof presenting an illuminated surfacefor thedisplay of advertising matter to territory adjacent a landing' field.' e

With the foregoing and .various other objects in view, which other objects will bereadilyfrecognized b those familiar with the operation of lan ing fields and aircraft rom the following description, the

invention consists in certain novel` features' in construction and Vin'combinations andarrangements ofy elements, as will j be -more particularly specified' and pointed outhere-l inafter., f I Y ,Referring tothe accompanying drawings; Fig. 1,is a perspective Aviewfofyan advertising displa and night landing signal 'embodying .t e invention yinstalled on* an aircraft landing field of the emergency type.-

VR running along one' side thereo Fig. 2,l is a side elevation the signal disclosed in Fig.- l, showing the advertising display side thereof. v

Fig. 3,is,an end elevation from the head or forward end of the Signal..

Fi'g. 4, is a vertical, transverse section on the line it-,11, of Fig. 2. y

Fig. 5 is a detail section` of the forward Abase or T` forming head of the signal.

Fig. 6, is a detailI perspective showing the construction and relative'` arrangement for mounting and securing the upper horizontal beam on the end `vertical columns and for attaching andsecuring the guy' or tie rods tothe columns.

One possible form and mechanical adaptato installation on an aircraft landing field of the so-called emergency type, and is shown in the drawings as'mounted and installed on a field of such type witha road ory highway adjacent the field. However, it is to be apparent, that the invention is not limited toinstallation on thetype and arrangement of field' illustrated herewith, such field having been selected because it presents conditions more clearly bringing forth the operation-and results 'of the invention.

In Fig. lof they accompanying drawings a landing field F of the rough, emergency type having a shape and surface such that there is one normal preferred landing direction, issho-wn'with a road or hi hway f and approximately parallel to the normal landing direction of the field. "The field F is without permanent ground organization and is provided with suitable markers M to indicate Athe normal landing direction 4on the field. ThepmarkersM .are .of the lusual type, such as stones or the like set into the field and painted white` so as. to be visible from the air.` However, such markers are practically4 invisiblelat night, and as there is no permanent organization at the field to assist aircraft in landing.' thereon at night, it will be apparent that such an emergency field .so marked is of little or no value for emergency night landings.A

According. to thel present invention a night landing signal or signis'nstalled on the `landing field, whichisignal indicates to aircraft in flight-the normal landing direction for the field and illuminates a portion of the landing run thereonas well as providing a medium for displayin advertising' matter to territory adjacent t e field. In the illustrated example of the invention the signal or sign includes a series' of spaced vertically disposed columns mounted on and along one side of the field on a line substantially parallel to the normal` land-y ing direction. The specific embodiment shown comprises three of such columns 10, 11 and 12, spaced an equal distance apart along the edge of the field F in a line substantially parallel to the normal landing direction of the field, as indicated by thek markers M, and adjacent and substantially parallel to the road orhighway R, as clearly shown in Fig. l of the drawings.

The columns 10, 11 and 12 are identical in construction and each is formed of a pair of channel bars 14 placed back to back and rigidly secured together by any suitable means, such as the rivets 15, to form a rigld element with the side flanges of the channel bars alined and extending outwardly from opposite sides thereof. (See Fig. 6). B y the foregoing formation of the columns 1t is possible to construct the same fromI stock 'or standardized materials and thus lower the cost while producing a column of great strength and rigidity.` Preferably, the columns l0, 1l and 12 are permanently mounted on the field and in the illust-rated example concrete or the like bases 16 are formed in the field and the lower ends of the columns are embedded therein. In

, mounted installed position the columns 10, 11 and 12 are arranged with the outwardly extending flanges 14 thereof toward or facing each other, that is, with` the flan es of the columns in alinement, as will be c ear by reference to Figs. 2 and 6 `particularly, of the drawings. While the columns are preferably permanently mounted and installed on a. fleld,.the invention contemplates and includes the removable mounting of the columns, as by the provision of'v a removal base or bases for the columns. y

` The vertical 'spacedy columns 10, 11 and 12 so mounted and installed are connected at and across the upper ends thereof by a horizontally disposedvcontinuous beam 17. The horizontal beam 17 is of similar construction .'to the vertical columns, beingy formed ofa pair of channel bars 14. lThe beam 17 is placed in horizontal position extending across the upper ends of and between the vertical columns 10, l1 and 12, with the flanges of the channelv bars 14 of which it is formed vertically disposed and extending upwardl and downwardly respectively. (See Flg. 6.) The lower chan.-

nel bar 14 of beam 17 is out away at the ends a distance inwardly along the beam to form i the opposite end seats 18 which receive the `upperends ofthe outer vertical columns 10 and 12, respectively, and upon which the beam 1,7 rests and is supported at the opposite ends thereof. The depending channel bar 14 of beam 17 islilrewise cut away intermediate the ends of thev beam to form a seat or socket 19 to receive the upper end of the central vertical `column 11 A upon which the beam rests and'issupported interme diate its ends.

The horizontal beam 17 is secured-in vposition fixed on and to the upper ends lof the vertical columns by` means of bolt blocks and tie plates. A block 20 of the proper size and shape to lit down onto and between the flangesl of the channel bars 14 of each verticalcolumn, andlhavi'ng .a transverse spectively, and each tie p-lateyis providedV with the opposite wings 24 extending laterally therefrom. The block '20 at ther cen-` tral or intermediate vertical column 11, is providedin the present instance with a pair oftie plates 23 superposed thereon and disposed 1n angular relation to each other, so as to provide a pair ofthe wings 24 on each side of the column inclined forwardly and rearwardly, lrespectively, as clearly indi? cated in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The wings 24 of the tie plates 23 are each provided with a bore 25 for attaching a suitable` guy member orl tie'rod, as -will be expla-ined hereinafter.` The foregoing construction and mounting. of the bolt blocks- 2O and tie plates 23'on the upper ends ofA the vertical columns is clearly illustrated in'Fig. 6 of the accompanying drawings.

llhe horizontal beam 17 Iis mounted s1t1on on and across the upper 4ends vertical columns 1,0, 11 and 12 and the bolt blocks 20, with the/I tie yplates 23 interposed between the beam'and thelblocks and the 'bolts 22 extending upwardly through the beam. Nuts 26', 'see Figs. 3 and 4, are threaded onto the bolts 22 and iirmly bind the beam 17 to the blocks plates 23 interposed therebetween. The blocks 2.()I to which the beam 17 is fixed are in p0- 20 with thetie of the i maintained in position on the columns by .tension can be placed thereon.

bolts respectively, in the bases 27 at opposite sides of each of the columns 10 and 12. Ina similar manner tie rods 30 are extended forwardly and rearwardly from the pair of tie plate wings 24 at each side of the central column 11, to the vforward and lrear bases 27 and eye bolts 28, respectively adja-I cent thereto, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. provided in each of the tie rods 29. and 30, respectively, so that thedesired and -proper Thus, the tie rods 29 and 30 between the tie plates 23 and bases 27 at opposite sides of the vertical columns, firmly and securely bind and maintain the blocks 20 tofwhich the horizontal beam 17 isbolted, in position on the endsof the vertical columns 10, 11 and 12, respectively.` The arrangement and mounting of the tie rods 29 and 30, is 'such that the vertical columns 10, 11 and 12- with the upper horizontal beam secured thereon and thereacross, `are firmly and rigid-ly braced and .maintained in proper position against the forces to which they are-subjected in use. i

Similar bars or strips 32 of any suitable material are mounted and secured in any desired manner in the lower channel bar 14 `of Ithe horizontal beam 17 betweenthe depending flanges thereof, and these bars 32 extend between the vertical column 10 and intermediate column 11, andthe vertical.

column 12 and intermediate column 11, respectively, as. will be clear by reference to the drawings. Anysuitable vsource ofV light is arranged along the under or lower side. of

the horizontal beam 17 between the vertical.

columns 10, 11 .and 12, and in the specific example illlustrated this source of light consists of a series of electric lights 33i'spaced umns 10, 11 and 12. The electric lights are connected with any suitable source of elec.

tric current in the usual or any other desiredl manner (not shown).

A concave reflector 34 is mounted on and extending along the horizontal beam 17 from vertical column 10, to column 12 and curves downwardly and depends on opposite sides of the vertical columns a sufficient Idistance to intercept and 'receive the light horizontal beam 1 and forms a bearing sur-l face through which the-b olts 22 extend and upon which the reflector y34 is bolted.` The under or concave surface 'of lthe reflector 34 is suitably finished or formed to provide Turnbuckles 3l are a light reflecting medium, and the upper surface thereof is suitably painted or othering the upper surface white. Thus, the reflector 34 forms a protective roofing or covering for the electric lights 33 and likewise forms an'elongated marker disposed in the normal landing direction of a field and visible from aircraft in flight. If desired stiffening and bracing angle bars 37 can be secured along the depending free edge portions of the reflector, as indicated in Figs. 3-and 4 of the drawings.

In order to more clearly indicate from the air the'normal landing direct-ion of a field, a cross head or transverse marker is mountedatthe forward outei vertical column 10, and forms with the upper surface of the reflector. 34 what is'visible from aircraft in preferred direction, for landing on the eld. In the particular embodiment herewith, thegtransverse member .forming the. head ofthe 'l'.comprises the relatively wide cross bars 38 having substantially flat upper surfaces, mounted at the base or lower end of the' vertical column 10 and disposed transversely lof and with respect to the horizontal beam 17 and reflector 34. The cross bars 38 are mounted in front and to the rear of the vertical column 10, and are secured in position by-means of the strips 39 extending .transversely thereacross and therebetween at the concrete bases 27 in which .the tie rod eye bolts 28 are embedded. The cross strips' 39` are secured in position on the concrete bases by the eye vbo-lts 28 which pass therethrough andthe fastening nuts 40 threaded onto these eye'bolts. The cross bars 38 are fastened to the cross strips 39 in any suitalong the' bars 32 between the vertical col-y able manner, as bythe rivets 41, and the cross bars can beformed of'channel or the like elements, or can4 beflat sheet material suitably 'stiffened by means of-.edge angle rods 42 secured onthe under sides thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The upperl surface of the T head formedby the cross bars 38 is finished to be clearly visible'from the air, as by painting the cross bars white.

The space between the vertical columns 10, 11 and 12, yand the upper horizontal beam 17, is provided with removable walls or panels 43, which o-n one side form reflecting surfaces for directing light onto the field to illuminate the same, and on the other side presenting an illuminated surface for the display of advertising matter. A 'panel (13 is mounted between vertical column 10 and intermediate column 11, and a similar panel 43 is mounted between rear, outer vertical column 12 and the intermediate column 11, so that in mounted position these panels form in .effect a continuous wall extending extending tie rods` 30, respectively, o n opp site sidesof the signal, and those lights 51Y between the outer columns 10 and 12, as

clearly shown by Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings. Each panel 43 is secured in a frame formed by the angle bars 44 attached on 0pposite sides therearound adjacent the edges of the panel, and this frame so formed 1s adapted to lit into and be received by the 1nwardly extended flanges of the channel bars 14 of adjacent vertical columns. Suitable shoulders or seats 45 are pro-videdin the vertical columns upon which the panel frames are supported in position with the. lower edges of the panels supported a distance above the ground, as shown particularly 1n Fig. 4 of the drawings. The panels 43 are of such a height that in mounted position between the vertical columns 10, 11 and 12, the upper edges terminate in a plane below and spaced from the horizontal beam and the sources of light 33. Thus, it will be clear that the panels 43 are removably mounted in and extending between the vertical columns 10, 11 and 12, and by removing the detachablymounted horizontal beam 17 with the reflector 34 thereon, the panels can be lifted from position for replacement.

If desired or found expedient, additional or supplementary reflectors, flood or the like lights 50 are mounted on and suspended fromthe opposite forward guy members ,or tie rods 29, respectively, above the cross head or transverse marker formed by the cross bars 38, so 'as to more. clearly illumi`- nate the same at night. Similarly, to afford increased illumination at opposite sides of the signal, reflector, flood. or other suitable lighting means 51 are mounted on and sus-y pended from the forwardly and rearwardly on the side adjacent the road R'or away from the landing run of the field, are formed withcolored lenses, such as red, on the u per sides thereof visible from the air toin lcate to pilots lthe obstructed side of the signal onpwhich it is not ossible to purely diagrammatically disclosed inf` Fig.

`2 of the drawings by way of an example.

l If there is a road or highway at one side of the field substantially or approximately parallel to the general direct1on of landing on the field, then the signal and display o the invention is .mounted on the side of the field adjacent suchy road, as shown by the road R 1n Fig. 1. With the signal so mounted in the daytime from the air the upper, surface of the reflector' 34 and the transverse Vat landing fields of the cross bars 38 form aT clearly indicating the preferred -or normal landing direction for the field.

At night the electric lights 33 are illumi- I nated and the reflector shields Athe lights 33' and rays therefrom onto the opposite side surfaces of the panels 43. The side of the panels 43 facing thev landing field F are suit-ably treated or finished to form a light reflecting and dilfusin0r surface 46 (see Fig. 4) upon 34 substantially ,for night landing. The direction for landing is clearly indicated to aircraft in flight by the T formed by the signal, Athe cross arm or head of which formed byy cross bars 38 is illuminated from the lights 33,' while the longitudinal or body portion of the 'T formed 'by reflector 34, is likewise set out bythe lights and visible. from the air.

f `The opposite surface or side of the panels 43 from the reflecting surface 46 on the field side thereof, is illuminated from the lights 33 by the yreflector 34,`

adjacent territory. In the field illustrated 7o reflects the light.

directed from the reflector 34 Y in the relations substanandv is formedf to `recewe and display advertising matter to the `signal of'the invention is arranged yso that theadvertising matter on the panels" is clearly displayed totraflic on the adjacent road or highway R. In this manner, ad-

vertising spacey on ,they signal can be sold 'i and the revenue derived applied to the cost of maintaining and operating the field. vThe advertising-"display and night land'- ing signal is so designed 'and constructed as j to be of. low cost to manufacture, ,and after land. Such an arrangement of enses 52 1s being mounted and installed I on a field requires no permanent organization for' its maintenance or operation, as the source of light :for illuminating the signalcan becon-` trolled by any of a number of well known devices to beY automatically out off during daylight and turned on at nightfall. The .l

sign 1s further so constructedand bracedI when installed asto withstand the weather and all forces and stressesto which they' are subjected in use.

Attention is here directed to the fact that while electric lightsare shown and described herewith as the source of illumination, itl

is notintended to limit the invention to suchI type ofv illumination.l In many instances emer ency types, electric current isnot available in which event the signal can be illuminated with gas there encountered, it can be also installed,

on main landing fields or terminals in addition to the field lighting systems thereon, so as 'to take advantage of the advertising display features of the invention.

The invention is here disclosed as mounted and installed on a landing field but it is .equally applicable to installation on floats,

pontoons or such like, to illuminate water landings, as will be. clear and apparent to those skilledv in the aeronautical art.

It is evident that various changes, substitutions, variations and modifications might be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and hence I do not Wish to limit myself to the exact disclosures hereof.

Desiring to protect my invention in the broadest' manner legally possible, what I claim is:

1. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a source of light, a substantially vertically disposed panel having one side thereof formed to provide a light reecting Vsurface for indirectly projecting light onto affield from said source of light, the opposite side of said panel formed to provide an advertising display medium illuminated from said source of light. c

2. In a night landing signal `for yaircraft landing. fields, a substantiallyy vertically disposed reflectin surface facing a field", a source of lig t disposed approximately within the vertical plane of said surface, and a reflector for directing light from said Source onto the reflecting surface for reflectiontherefrom onto the field.

3. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a substantially vertically disposed reflecting surface adapted to be mounted facing a landing field, a series of light sources mounted at intervals above said surface, and a concave reflector mounted above said light sources along substantially the length of said vertical surface, the said reflector shielding a' field from direct light rays and directing light from said sources onto the reflectin surface for reflection therefrom onto a eld.

4. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a substantially vertically disposed panel having one side thereof forming a reflecting surface adapted to face a` landing field, a source of light mounted above said panel, and a substantially concave reflector mounted above said source of light and depending a distance downwardly at opposite sides of said panel to direct light thereonto.

5. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a substantially vertically disposed panel having one side thereof'forming a reflecting surface adapted to face a landing field and the opposite side thereof formed lto receive advertising matter, a source of light disposed above-said panel, and a substantially concave reflector mounted above said source of light and depending downwardly at opposite sides of said panel, the said reflector directing light onto the reflecting surface of said panel for reflection therefrom onto a field, and directing light onto the opposite side of the panel, to illuminate and display advertising matter thereon. v

6. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a substantially vertically dis.- posed reflecting surface adapted to be mounted facing a landing field, a source of light above said surface, a reflector mounted above said source of light for directing light onto said reflecting surface for re-y flection therefrom onto a field, and a cross member disposed transversely of said reflecting surface at one end thereof, the said cross member illuminated by said source of light and forming a T with said vertical surface.

7. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a vertically disposed panel forming a reflecting surface adapted to face a landing field, asource of light above said panel` a reflector mounted above said source of light over and along said panel, the said reflector directing light from said source onto said panel for reflection therefrom onto a field and forming a marker extending substantially parallel to the direction of landing and visible from the air, and a member disposed at one end of said panel to extend Vfrom opposite sidesthereof and illuminated fromsaid source of light to indicate from the air in cooperation with said reflector the direction for landing on a field.

8. In anight landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a substantially vertically disposed panel having one side thereof formed to provide a reflecting surface adapted to' face 'a landing field and the opposite side thereof formed to receive advertising matter, a source of light, and reflecting means for directing light onto the reflecting surface of said panel for reflection therefrom onto a field and for directing light frlom said source onto the opposite side of sad panel to illuminate advertising matter thereon.

9. In a night landing signal for aircraft tending between said columns with one side thereof facing a landing field and formed to provide a reflecting surface, a source of light, and a reflector for directing light onto the reflecting surface of said panel for reflection therefrom onto the field to illuminate the same.

10. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, spaced vertically disposed columns mounted at one side of a field, a vertically disposed panel removably supported on and extending between said columns with one side thereof facing a landing field and forming a light reflecting surface and the oppositev side thereof formed to receive advertising matter, a source of light, and means for directing light from said source onto the reflecting Surface of the panel for reflection therefrom onto a field, and onto the advertising side of the panel to illuminate advertising matter thereon.

11. In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, spaced, vertically disposed columns mounted at one side of a landingfield, av horizontally disposed beam secured on and across the upper 'ends of said columns, a series of lights mounted at and below said horizontal beam, a substantially concave reflector mounted extending along said beam and depending a distance therebelow on opposite sides thereof, and a ver- I tically disposed panel removably supported beam and lights, the side of said vfrom and extending between said vertical columns with the upper edge thereof terminating a distance below said horizontal facing'a landing field formed tov provide-a panelv reflecting surface and the opposite side y formed to receive advertising matter, and said reflector directing light from the said lights onto the reflecting surface of the panel for reflection therefrom onto a field and onto the opposite side of the panel to illuminate advertising matter thereon.

12v In a night landing signal for aircraft landing fields, a substantially rigid frame mounted at one side of a landing field and comprising spaced vertically disposed co1- uinns and a horizontally disposed beam supported on and extending across said columns, a panel removably mounted on and extending between said vertical columns, the side of said panel facing the field forming a reflecting surface and the opposite side thereof formed to receive advertising matter, a source of light and means for directing light from said source onto both sides of said panel.

13. In a landing. signal for aircraft, in combination, a4 substantially vertically disposed .reflecting and display panel,a member disposed longitudinally along and over the upper edge lof said panel, the said longitudinal member of relatively large width with respect tov the thicknessl of said vpanel v to present a visible yupper` surface, and a member disposed transversely of said panel at one end thereof below said longitudinal member to form therewith a T visible to aircraft in flight to indicate the landing direction. l i

Signed at Washington, D. C., this 27th day of October, 1923.

. HAROLD E. HARTNEY. 

